EFFECT OF SPORTS OFFICIALS’ LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ON IMPLEMENTATION OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN SPORTS FEDERATIONS IN KENYA
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigated the determinants of implementation of corporate governance practices (CGP) in sports, with a focus on selected sports federations in Kenya. This paper presents the findings on how sports officials’ level of knowledge affects the implementation of CGP in sports federations in Kenya. The research was theoretically underpinned by the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Model anchored on the Cognitive-Affective-Behavior theory of social psychology, which holds that what one knows (knowledge), believes (attitudes) determines actions/ practice in regards to a given phenomenon. The study population consisted of 120 sports federation officials in Football Kenya Federation and Kenya Basketball Federation in 10 selected counties in Kenya. Through multi-stage sampling, participants for the study were obtained, with online questionnaires being utilized to gather data. The data was first analyzed descriptively by frequencies and percentages, and presented using charts, tables and figures. Goodman and Kruskal’s Gamma Coefficient was then used to determine the ordinal association between knowledge level and the implementation of CGP in sports. Further, a multiple linear regression was undertaken to determine how officials’ knowledge and attitudes predicted corporate governance practice. The study revealed that sports officials’ level of knowledge of corporate governance was low. The Gamma correlation showed a strong positive association between the level of knowledge and the extent of implementation of corporate governance practices (γ = 0.794, p ˂ 0.05 at α = 0.05). The study therefore concluded that sports officials’ level of knowledge was an important determinant of implementation of corporate governance in sports. From the results obtained, the study recommends that sports federations should design and implement appropriate training programs for sports managers and officials to enhance corporate governance knowledge in sports. While this study focused on football and basketball federations, future studies should replicate this research in other sports federations.
Article Details
References
Argyris, C. (1993). Knowledge for action: A guide to overcoming barriers to organizational change. Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers, 350 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104.
Australian Standard, (2003). Good governance principles, AS8000-2003, Sydney: Standards Australia International.
Aytekin, I., Miles, M., & Esen, S. (2013). Corporate governance: A comparative study of practices in Turkey and Canada. IUP Journal of Corporate Governance, 12(2), 7.
Bano, R., AlShammari, E., Fatima, S. B., & Al-Shammari, N. A. (2013). A comparative study of knowledge, attitude, practice of nutrition and non-nutrition student towards a balanced diet in Hail University. Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 2(3), 29-36.
Brakhas, H., Seifpanahi Shabani, J., & Shams, A. (2022). The Effect of Sports Managers' Literacy on the Performance of Football Clubs in Iranian Leagues. Journal of New Studies in Sport Management, 3(3), 554-564.
Cheffins, B. R. (2013). The history of corporate governance. Recovered on Oct 22, 2023 from https://www.ecgi.global/sites/default/files/working_papers/documents/SSRN-id1975404.pdf
Conroy, D. E., Yang, C. H., & Maher, J. P. (2014). Behavior change techniques in top-ranked mobile apps for physical activity. American journal of preventive medicine, 46(6), 649-652. Darus, F. (2011), “Corporate governance and corporate failure in the context of agency theory”, The Journal of American Academy of Business, 17 (1), 125-132.
Economist (2010) The rewards of virtue: Does corporate governance practices pay? Studies give contradictory answers. The Economist.26 April 2010 Recovered on October 22, 2023 from https://www.economist.com/business/2010/04/26/the-rewards-of-virtue
Ferkins, L., Shilbury, D., & O’Boyle, I. (2018). Leadership in governance: Exploring collective board leadership in sport governance systems. Sport Management Review, 21(3), 221-231.
George, M. (August 17, 2023). Kenya Risking Paris Olympic Ban over Lack of Elections. Recovered from https://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/news/kenya-risking-paris-olympic-ban-over-lack-of-federation-elections/
Gouiaa, R. (2019). Corporate governance in Canada: A review of regulation and practices. Corporate Law & Governance Review, 1(2), 42-50.
Idiong, N. S., & Udonquak, A. A. (2022). Newspaper Coverage of Corruption Issues in Nigerian Football. Uniuyo Journal of Humanities (UUJH), 26, (2), 135-148
IOC (2023). Olympic Charter. Lausanne, Switzerland: International Olympic Committee Publishers. Available at https://stillmedab.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/General/EN-Olympic-Charter.pdf
Kartakoullis, N., Karlis, G., Walker, T., & Locke, M. C. (2015). Good governance and management practices: The perspectives of Cyprus National Sport Federations administrators. International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation & Tourism, 19(d), 62-74.
Khan, H. (2011, December). A literature review of corporate governance. In International Conference on E-business, management and Economics (Vol. 25, pp. 1-5). Singapore: IACSIT Press.
Kimutai, C. (September 25, 2021). Sexual abuse is prevalent in Kenyan basketball - reveals former player. Recovered on Feb 15, 2023 from https://www.pulselive.co.ke/sports/sexual-abuse-is-prevalent-in-kenyan-basketball-reveals-former-player/s0v7zh6
Korcaj, L., Hahnel, U. J., & Spada, H. (2015). Intentions to adopt photovoltaic systems depend on homeowners' expected personal gains and behavior of peers. Renewable Energy, 75, 407-415.
Lien, C. H., & Cao, Y. (2014). Examining WeChat users’ motivations, trust, attitudes, and positive word-of-mouth: Evidence from China. Computers in human behavior, 41, 104-111.
Lindemann N. (2021) What’s the average survey response rate? [2019 benchmark]. 2019. Available at https://surveyanyplace.com/average-survey-response-rate/
Manolachi, V. (2017). Development of Managerial Skills and Sports Management in Future Sports specialists. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences.
Mašala, A., Radjo, I., & Talović, M. (2013). The effect of sports managers education on bussiness success in basketaball, volleyball and handball. 15(2), 19.
Mateus, C. (2016). Corporate governance impact on bank performance: Evidence from Europe. In Corporate Governance Impact on Bank Performance: Evidence from Europe: belhaj, salma.
Mugenda, O. M. & Mugenda, A. G. (2003). Research Methods. Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press
Mulili, B. M., & Wong, P. (2011). Corporate governance practices in developing countries: The case for Kenya. International journal of business administration, 2(1), 14-27.
Munisi, G., & Randøy, T. (2013). Corporate governance and company performance across Sub-Saharan African countries. Journal of Economics and Business, 70, 92-110.
Obradovich, J., & Gill, A. (2013). The impact of corporate governance and financial leverage on the value of American firms. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 91, 1-14.
Osoro, J. (September 25, 2021). Kenyan female basketballers are sexually abused by coaches – former player reveals. Recovered on February 15, 2023 from https://www.pd.co.ke/sports/kenyan-female-basketballers-are-sexually-abused-by-coaches-former-player-reveals-96278/
Pandya C. (2019). What is an Acceptable Response Rate for Online Surveys? 2019. Available at https://www.appjetty.com/blog/acceptable-response-rate-for-online-surveys/
Pavitt, M. (November 15, 2021). Football Kenya Federation faces FIFA suspension after Government disbands Board. Available at https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1115517/fifa-warn-kenya-football-suspension
Peña-García, N., Gil-Saura, I., Rodríguez-Orejuela, A., & Siqueira-Junior, J. R. (2020). Purchase intention and purchase behavior online: A cross-cultural approach. Heliyon, 6(6).
Perry-Smith, J. E. & Blum, T. C. (2000). Work-family human resource bundles and perceived organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 1107-1117.
Phellas, C. N., Bloch, A., & Seale, C. (2011). Structured methods: interviews, questionnaires and observation. Researching society and culture, 3, 181-205.
Rehal, S. S. (2020). Shifting the'White Gaze'on Black Bodies in Philippine Collegiate Basketball: Toward a Structural Understanding of Covert Racism in the Global South. Social Transformations: Journal of the Global South, 8(2).
Saria, I. (2022). Orodha ya viongozi wa vyama vya michezo na mawasiliano yao. Tanzania sports. Available at https://tanzaniasports.com/orodha-ya-viongozi-wa-vyama-vya-michezo-tanzania-na-mawasiliano-yao/
Steblianko, A., Hlushchenko, N., Bilobrov, V., Turenko, O., Bilobrova, T., & Bykovska, A. (2022). Discrimination in Sports as a Risk of Human Rights Violations in Ukraine. Postmodern Openings, 13(2), 430-447.
Ungruhe, C., & Schmidt, M. B. (2020). Why are East African players absent in European football? Localizing African football migration along structural constraints, colonial legacies and voluntary immobility. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 44(5), 397-420.
Vinten, G. (2000). Corporate governance: the need to know. Industrial and Commercial Training, 32(5), 173-178.
Waweru, N. (2014). Factors influencing quality corporate governance in Sub Saharan Africa: an empirical study. Corporate Governance, 14(4), 555-574.