AN ANALYSIS OF HOW POLITICS STREAM AFFECTS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ROAD SAFETY POLICY MEASURES IN NYANZA REGION, KENYA
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Feb 17, 2023
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Abstract
A large number of road safety policies has been formulated and attempted to be implemented in Kenya to try and reduce road fatality and injury but still the high rates of traffic morbidities appear to be on the raise in Nyanza region. Due to the concerns the study of analyzing how politics streams affect implementation of road safety policy measures in Nyanza region in Kenya implementation was conducted to look for solutions. The study was backed with Multiple Streams Framework and Punctuated Equilibrium Model. The research used a descriptive survey and explanatory design with pragmatic research philosophy point of view while embracing mixed research approaches. The study utilized census, simple random sampling, and stratified random sampling, purposive sampling, and systematic random sampling techniques in drawing a representative sample. The sample size of the study was 347 of target population. The study interviewed 6 traffic base commanders, 2 county Matatu Owners’ Association and 2 NTSA county directors. The study also employed both participatory and non-participatory observation to collect supplementary data. The reliability of the study instrument was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha, while the validity was assessed using factor analysis and expert opinion. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Quantitative data was examined by means of simple regression approaches. Based on the derivatives from the objectives, theme analysis was used to assess qualitative data. The study then presented quantitative data using tables and figures, while qualitative data was reported in continuous prose. The findings established that the problem Streams Framework influenced the implementation of motorway safety policy measures among matatu operators to a moderate extent. The study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the problem Streams Framework and implementation of road safety policies. The study establishes that the government agencies need to digitalize data on road accidents and recommends a collaborative approach between government agencies responsible for the implementation of road safety policy measures. This study concluded that problem Streams affects the implementation of road safety policy measures, and so there is need for all policy actors to take into account all streams whenever they intend to initiate the enactment of road safety measures.
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References
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Flick, U. (2014). Mixing methods, triangulation, and integrated research. Qualitative inquiry and global crises, 132(1), 1-79.
Fowler, L. (2019). Problems, politics, and policy streams in policy implementation. Governance, 32(3), 403-420.
Gachanja, J and Mose, V (2017). Taming the Road Safety Challenge through Effective Policy Response. Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, 9 (2), 6-9.
Gichohi, J. M., & Muna, W. (2018). Consumer protection measures and road safety in Nyeri County, Kenya. American Journal of Public Policy and Administration, 3(1).
Gupta, M., Kakar, I. S., Peden, M., Altieri, E., & Jagnoor, J. (2021). Media coverage and framing of road traffic safety in India. BMJ global health, 6(3), e004499.
Harris, K. N., & Morris, J. C. (2017). “GRASS” ROOTS IN TEXAS: A Multiple Streams Approach to Understanding the Marijuana Movement’s Policy Impact. World Affairs, 180(1), 93-126.
Hawkins, B., & McCambridge, J. (2020). Policy windows and multiple streams: an analysis of alcohol pricing policy in England. Policy & Politics, 48(2), 315-333.
Helfer, L. (2016). Media effects on politicians: An individual-level political agenda-setting experiment. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 21(2), 233-252.
Heydari, S., Hickford, A., McIlroy, R., Turner, J., & Bachani, A. M. (2019). Road safety in low-income countries: state of knowledge and future directions. Sustainability, 11(22), 6249.
Howlett, M. (2019). Moving policy implementation theory forward: A multiple streams/critical juncture approach. Public Policy and Administration, 34(4), 405-430.
Hudson, B., Hunter, D., & Peckham, S. (2019). Policy failure and the policy-implementation gap: can policy support programs help? Policy design and practice, 2(1), 1-14.
Hysing, E. (2021). Responsibilization: The case of road safety governance. Regulation & Governance, 15(2), 356-369.
Isaac, O. (2019). Transport infrastructure development in Kenya: How connectivity impacts eastern Africa regional integration. Insight on Africa, 11(2), 200-218.
Jamroz, K., Budzyński, M., Romanowska, A., Żukowska, J., Oskarbski, J., & Kustra, W. (2019). Experiences and challenges in fatality reduction on polish roads. Sustainability, 11(4), 959.
Jamshidi, A. (2018). Prediction of TBM penetration rate from brittleness indexes using multiple regression analysis. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 4(1), 383-394.
Kabue, J. M. (2018). Influence of Road Safety Audits on Road Safety Projects Performance in Kenya. International Journal of Business Management and Processes (ISSN 2616-3209), 2(2), 7-7.
Kassam, F., & Merali, H. (2019). Addressing Road Traffic Injuries in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Kingdon Policy Analysis. The Columbia University Journal of Global Health, 9(1) https://doi.org/10.7916/thejgh.v9i1.4952.
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Khayesi, M. (2004). Partnership and dialogue for implementation of new road safety rules in Kenya: short research report. African safety promotion, 2(2), 35-42.
Kim, J. M., & Elam, M. E. (2005). A two-stage stratified Warner’s randomized response model using optimal allocation. Metrika, 61(1), 1-7.
Kitheka, G. K. (2014). Influence of implementation of the revised traffic rules on road accidents in the transport sector in Nairobi County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Kristianssen, A. C., Andersson, R., Belin, M. Å., & Nilsen, P. (2018). Swedish Vision Zero policies for safety–A comparative policy content analysis. Safety science, 103, 260-269.
Kumar, A. (2018). The Opposition in Bangladesh. Indian Foreign Affairs Journal, 13(4), 284-291.
Lakens, D. (2022). Sample size justification. Collabra: Psychology, 8(1), 33267.
Lamont, M., & Lee, R. (2015). Arrive alive: road safety in Kenya and South Africa. Technology and culture, 464-488.
Lasswell, H. D. (1956). The political science of science: An inquiry into the possible reconciliation of mastery and freedom. American Political Science Review, 50(4), 961-979
Maarouf, H. (2019). Pragmatism as a supportive paradigm for the mixed research approach: Conceptualizing the ontological, epistemological, and axiological stances of pragmatism. International Business Research, 12(9), 1-12.
Mahdi, R., & Khaled, K. (2022). Identification of factors associated with various types of impaired driving. Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, 9(1).
Mayer, I. (2015). Qualitative research with a focus on qualitative data analysis. International Journal of Sales, Retailing & Marketing, 4(9), 53-67.
McInerney, R. (2022). Vision Zero and Results-Based Financing of Safe System Action Worldwide. Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal, 92(5), 29-33.
Mitullah, Winnie V. & Patrick Asingo. (2014). Road Safety Policies in Kenya: In Search of Explanation for Non-Compliance. Nairobi, KE: institute of Development Studies.
Muchoki, M. (2020). Effect of internal control systems on efficient revenue collection at the National Transport and Safety Authority (Doctoral dissertation, UoN).
Mugenda, O. M., & Mugenda, A. G. (2003). Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Research Methods Africa Center for Technology Studies (Acts) Press. Nairobi Kenya.
Mungai, J. N. (2019). Determinants of uptake of insurance underwriting on Public Service Vehicles plying for hire in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, Strathmore University).
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Nduhura, A., Alinda, F., Mulindwa, S. K., Wanume, P., & Settumba, J. P. (2021). Improving Road Safety: Extended Measures and Role of Private Toll Operators in Uganda. Uganda Management institute, 79-96.
Njagi, D. M., (2019). Effect of strategic leadership on performance of matatu Saccos in Kisumu County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, Maseno University).
Njoroge, J. G (2015). Organizational resources and performance of mobile phone companies in Kenya. (PhD, thesis), Kenyatta university.
NTSA (2018). Recent road fatality rates in South western Kenya and Kisumu County. Nairobi: DRSEAI, NTSA.
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Odonkor, S. T., Mitsotsou-Makanga, H., & Dei, E. N. (2020). Road safety challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Ghana. Journal of advanced transportation, vol 2020, 1-9.
Ogombe, J. A. (2016). Influence of road infrastructure interventions on implementation of pedestrian safety rules in the city of Kisumu, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Okemwa, M. P., Rogena, E. A., Rana, F., & Gatei, D. G. (2008). Pattern of road traffic fatalities in Nairobi. Annals of African Surgery, 3.
Okwako, A. (2017). Factors Affecting the Performance of the Public Service Vehicles (PSV) Sector in the Nairobi County (Doctoral dissertation, United States International University-Africa).
Olemo, C. D. (2016). Exploring the major causes of road traffic accidents in Nairobi County (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Oloo Mc’opiyo, S. (2019). Traffic management and road safety in Kisumu County, South Western Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, Kampala International University, College of Humanities and social sciences.).
Osoro, A. A., Z. Ng’ang’a, & Yitambe, A., (2015).An Analysis of the Incidences and Causes of Road Traffic Accidents in Kisii Central District-Kenya. Journal of pharmacy, vol 5(9): 41-45.
Oyoo, A. A. A., Wamalwa, M. W., & Kihara, P. N. (2022). The Effect of Pavement Damage on Number of Accidents and on Traffic Congestion on Roads Using Multivariate Analysis of Variance. Technology, 8(1), 1-12.
Putra, R. E., Tresna, P. W., Barkah, C. S., & Chan, A. (2021). The Influence of Experiential Marketing on Repurchase Intention (Study at Marasoe). Journal of Business Studies and Management Review, 5(1), 124-131.
Raynor, N. J., & Mirzoev, T. (2014). Understanding road safety in Kenya: views of matatu drivers. International health, 6(3), 242-248.
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