EFFECTS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PRACTICES ON IMPLEMENTATION OF COUNTY INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CIDP) IN KENYA
A CASE OF TAITA TAVETA COUNTY, KENYA
Keywords:
County Integrated Development Plan, Consultation, Collaboration, Empowerment, Public Participation Practices
Abstract
The County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP), a domesticated version of the Integrated Development Planning (IDP) utilized in other nations, serves as the foundation for county government activities in Kenya. The Kenyan government acknowledges and mandates that all counties in the nation establish and adopt the CIDP as their framework for development and fair resource allocation in its devolution policy. However, finance, formulation, and public engagement have all been highlighted as reasons why the implementation of the CIDPs has frequently only been partially effective. In particular, it sought; to determine the effects of informing, consultation, collaboration and empowerment in participation on implementation of CIDP in Voi Sub County. This study was guided by the Participatory Democracy Theory and the Effective Community Participation Model. The study used descriptive research design and targeted administrators in and local residents of Voi Sub County drawn from key groups such as religious organizations, youth groups, women groups, business people, educators and persons with disability. From these, a sample size of 64 comprising of 18 administrators in and target 46 residents was obtained and selected though purposive sampling. Structured questions made up the instrumentation used. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0 was used to analyze the data using both descriptive and inferential statistical approaches. The results of the study showed that empowerment practices, cooperation practices, informing practices, and consultation practices all substantially influenced the implementation of CIDP in Voi Sub County, Taita Taveta County. Therefore, the study recommended that; there is need to consistently publish the outcome of the public deliberations so as to encourage future public participation and also use media that is highly accessible to all residents of the county for public participation. Also, there is need to try and involve citizens in all levels of consultations until the final decisions are made. The study also recommended that there needs to be a solid framework for partnering with citizen groups in the area and also structured agreements with citizens on their involvement in public participation. Lastly, it was recommended that the county management should put more emphasis on empowerment in public participation and, particularly, by implementing public participation bills that give citizens more power in the deliberations.
References
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(2014). Low public awareness and participation undermining devolution. Transparency International Kenya. Retrieved from http://www.tikenya.org/index.php/blog on 23/10/2015
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Agbalajobi, D.T. (2010). Women’s Participation and the Political Process in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 4(2),75-82
Andersson, E., Warburton, D., & Wilson, R. (2007). The true costs of public participation. In Re-Energizing Citizenship (pp. 138-162). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
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Baah –Ennumh, T.Y., Owusu, S. E. & Kokor, J. (2005). Participation of Women in Local Governance in Ghana a Case Study of Achanti Region.
Bartoletti, R., & Faccioli, F. (Eds.). (2013). Communication and Civic Engagement: Media, Public Spaces and Participation. Milano, Italy: Franco Angeli.
Baswony, C. (2014). How County government communicates with citizens: Opportunities and challenges. Transparency International Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya.
Beckley, T., Parkins, J. & Sheppard, S. (2005). Public participation in sustainable forest management: A reference guide. Sustainable Forest Management Network, Edmonton, AB.
Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The logic of connective action. Information, Communication & Society, 15, 739–768.
Bobbio, L., & Pomatto, G. (2007). Citizen Involvement in Public Decision Making. Meridiana, 58, 45–67
Brosio, G. (2000). Decentralization in Africa. International Monetary Fund. Washington, DC. Processed, 40.
Carpentier, N. (2011). Media and participation: A site of ideological-democratic struggle. Bristol, UK: Intellect.
Cheema, G.S. & Rondinelli, D.A, (2007), Decentralizing Governance; Emerging concepts and practices. Washington; Brookings Institution Press. PP 1-20.
Coleman, S., & Firmstone, J. A. (2014). Contested meanings of public engagement: Exploring discourse and practice within a British city council. Media Culture Society, 36, 826–844.
Cooke, B., & Kothari, U. (2011). Participation: The new Tyranny. London and New York: Zed books.
Couldry, N. (2010). Why voice matters: Culture and politics after neoliberalism. London, England: SAGE.
County Governments Act, 2012
County Government of West Pokot (2015). Mid Term County Progress Report On CIDP Implementation 2013-2015. www.westpokot.go.ke
Crosby, B. (1992). Stakeholder analysis: A vital tool for strategic managers. Technical Notes, No.2. Implementing Policy Change Project for the U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC.
Curristine, T., Lonti, Z., & Joumard, I. (2007). Improving Public Sector Efficiency. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 7(1), 1-41.
Dahlgren, P. (2009). Media and political engagement: Citizens, communication, and democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dahlgren, P. (2014). Political participation via the web: Structural and subjective contingencies. Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture, 5, 255–269.
Dahlgren, P. (2015). Probing the EU public sphere: Participation and civic cultures. Quaderni di Sociologia, LIX, 68, 5–21.
Davies, J. (2012). Conservation and sustainable development: linking practice and policy in Eastern Africa, New York, Routledge.
Donaldson, T., & Dunfee, T. W. (1994). ‘Towards a Unified Conception of Business Ethics: Integrative Social Contracts’, Academy of Management Review, 19(2), 252–284.
Eduardo, U.J., Camargo, F.J. and Marcelo, M. (2012). The expenses of participative budgets in Porto Alegre. Brazil.
Fowler, F.F. (1993). Survey Research Methods. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE
Fraenkel, J. R. & Wallen, A. (2000). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. N. E. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Friedman, A. L & Miles, S. (2006). Stakeholders Theory and Practice. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
Gichuhi, J.N. (2015). Challenges of strategy implementation in Murang’a County Government in Kenya. (Unpublished Masters Thesis), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Gitegi, C.W., & Iravo, M.A. (2016). Factors Affecting Public Participation in Effective Devolved Governance in Kenya: A Case of Uasin Gishu County. The Strategic Journal of Business and Change Management, 4 (69), 1302-1324,
Gough, D., James, T., & Sandy, O. (2012). Clarifying Differences between Review Designs and Methods." Systematic Reviews, 1, 1-9;
Gray, J. (1989). Against Cohen on Proletarian Unfreedom’, in E. F. Paul, F. D. Miller, and J. Paul (eds.), Capitalism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Hammond, K., & Miles, S. (2004). ‘Assessing Quality Assessment of Corporate Social Reporting: UK Perspectives’, Accounting Forum, 28, 61–79.
Hilmer, J.D. (2010). The State of Participatory Democratic Theory, New Political Science. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, England.
Ihemeje, G. (2013). The Need for Participation of Women in Local Governance: A Nigerian Discourse. International Journal F Educational Administration and Policy Studies, l5(4),59-66
Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA). (2014). First County Integrated Development Planning: Experiences and Lessons from Laikipia, Nandi, Uasin Gishu, and Meru Counties. Institute of Economic Affairs. Nairobi Kenya.
Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA). (2015). Review of status of Public Participation, and County Information Dissemination Frameworks: A Case Study of Isiolo Kisumu Makueni and Turkana Counties. Institute of Economic Affairs. Nairobi, Kenya.
Joshi, A., & Houtzager, P. (2012). Widgets or Watchdogs? Conceptual Explorations in Social Accountability. Public Management Review, 14(2), 145-162.
Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC) &Social and Public Accountability Network (SPAN). (2010). Harmonization of Decentralized Development in Kenya: Towards Alignment, Citizen Engagement and Accountability. KHRC &SPAN.
KHRC. (2010). Harmonization of Decentralized Development in Kenya: Towards Alignment, Citizen Engagement and Accountability. Nairobi: KHRC and SPAN.
Kirui, S. (2013). Factors influencing implementation of strategic plans in local authorities in Migori County. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kitumu, L. K. (2016). Institutional factors influencing implementation of County Integrated Development Plans in County Governments in Kenya; A Case of Makueni County. (Unpublished Masters Thesis), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kothari, C. (2004). Research methodology, Methods and techniques; News Delphi; International P. ltd.
Krishnaswamy, A. (2004). Participatory research: Strategies and tools. Practitioner: Newsletter of the National Network of Forest Practitioners 22:17–22.
http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/community/forestry/Workshops/powerpoints/tools%20and%20strategies %20of%20PR.pdf
Kwena, G. N. (2013). Factors affecting community participation in the management of development projects through Local Authority Service Delivery Action Plans: A case study of Kilgoris Constituency, Narok County. (Unpublished Masters thesis), Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
Lowndes, V., & Sullivan, H. (2006). Like a Horse and Carriage or a Fish on a Bicycle: How Well do Local Partnerships and Public Participation go Together? Local Government Studies, 30 (1), 51-73
Lubis, A., Siregar, H. S., & Fauzi, S. (2014). A Study On the Different Applications of Performance-Based Budget And Zero-Based Budget On Regional Task Force Units In North Sumatra.
Lukensmeyer, C. J. (2009). The Next Challenge for Citizen Engagement: Institutionalization in OECD Focus on Citizens: Public Engagement for Better Policy and Services. Paris: OECD
Khumalo, N.N.Y. (2015). A review of the alignment between the integrated development plan and the performance management system of the Capricorn District Municipality. (Unpublished MA Thesis), Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Mdunyelwa L. (2008). Public Participation in Local Government: It‟s Impact on Service Delivery: Conference Proceedings -International Research Group Programme (GDRI), South Africa.
Mugambi, K. W., & Theuri, F. S. (2014). The challenges encountered by county governments in Kenya during budget preparation. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(2), 128-134.
Mugenda, O.M. & Mugenda, A.G. (2009). Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches; Acts Press: Nairobi, Kenya.
Mugo, K.A. (2015). Factors Affecting Public Participation in Legislative Procedures in County Governments: A Case Study of County Assembly of Embu. (Unpublished Masters thesis), Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
Murrey, T. K. (2015). Challenges of strategy implementation at the Elgeiyo Marakwet County of Kenya. (Unpublished Masters Thesis), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Mutwiri, G.K. (2015). Factors Influencing Public Participation in The County Integrated Development Planning Process. A Case of County Government of Meru. Unpublished Masters Thesis), University of Nairobi, Nairobi
Ndlovu, N. (2006). Challenges and Problems Encountered in The Implementation of Integrated Development Plans In Kwazulu-Natal: A Case Study of Kwaximba Local Municipality. (Unpublished MA Thesis), The University of Kwazulu Natal, Westville, South Africa
Odhiambo, M. &Taifa, A. (2009). Devolved Funds Development: A Handbook on Participation. Nairobi: Claripress.
Okello, M., Oenga, I. & Chege, P. (2008). Participatory Urban Planning Toolkit Based on the Kitale Experience: A guide to Community Based Action Planning for Effective Infrastructure and Services Delivery. Nairobi: Practical Action: Kenya.
Omodia, S.M. Esidedene, C. & Abdul S.U (2013). The Role of Women in Nigerian Politics: Conceptual and Theoretical Issues for an Enhanced Political Participation in The Fourth Republic. Journal of Studies in Social Sciences, 5 (1), 88 -105.
Omolo, A. (2010). Devolution in Kenya, A critical review of past and present frame works. Nairobi, Institute of Economic Affairs; EA research paper series, .24,10-50.
Orodho, J.A (2009). Elements of education and social science research methods. Maseno; Kanezja.
Psiwa, J.T., Irungu, D., & Muriithi, S. (2017). Assessment of challenges facing the implementation of the County Integrated Development Plans: A case study of Narok County Government. Journal of Strategic Management, 1(2), 1 – 23.
Report of the Task Force on Devolved Government (TFDG) (2011). A Report on The Implementation of Devolved Government in Kenya, 2011.
Republic of Kenya (2014). Uasin Gishu County Integrated Development Plan 2013-2017. Nairobi: Government Printer
Republic of Kenya (2018). County Government of Kirinyaga County Integrated Development Plan (2018-2022). Nairobi: Government Printer
Ronoh, G. (2017). Public Participation Process In The Devolved System Of Governance In Kenya. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 5,11, 547-561.
Rosanvallon, P. (2011). Democratic legitimacy, impartiality, reflexivity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rosenbaum, A. (2013). Decentralization and local governance: comparing US and global perspectives. Administrative Culture, 14(1), 11-17.
Siala, E. O. (2015). Factors Influencing Public Participation in Budget Formulation. The Case of Nairobi County (Doctoral dissertation, United States International University-Africa).
Singh, A. S., & Masuku, M.B. (2014). Sampling Techniques & Determination of Sample Size in Applied Statistics Research: An Overview. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2(11), 1 -22
Situma, E., & Kitiabi, R. (2012). Change Management Challenges Facing Devolution of Government at Kakamega Municipal Council (Doctoral dissertation, Thesis, University of Nairobi, School of Business, Nairobi).
Surianti, M., & Dalimunthe, A. R. (2015). The Implementation of Performance Based Budgeting In Public Sector (Indonesia Case: A Literature Review). Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(12), 198-210.
The Constitution of Kenya, (2010), Nairobi; Government press.
Thwala, D.W.A (2010). Community Participation is a Necessity for Project Success: A case study of Rural Water Supply Project in Jeppes Reefs, South Africa. African Journal of Agriculture Research, 5(10), 970-979
(2014). Low public awareness and participation undermining devolution. Transparency International Kenya. Retrieved from http://www.tikenya.org/index.php/blog on 23/10/2015
Vigoda, Eran. 2000. Are You Being Served? The Responsiveness of Public Administration to Citizens’ Demands: An Empirical Examination in Israel. Public Administration, 78(1), 165–191.
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, 2nd Ed., New York: Harper and Row.
Yang, K., & Callahan, K. (2005). Assessing Citizen Involvement Efforts by Local Governments. Public Performance and Management Review, 29 (2).
Zaman, F. (2007). The Nature of Political Empowerment and Gender In Local Governance: A Comparative Study of Dhaka City Corporation and Narayanfanj Municipality. Bangladesh E-Journal of Sociology, 4 (1), 49 -72.
