Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities

SECURITY GOVERNANCE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT BY THE NATIONAL POLICE

2024-01-28T08:54:16-06:00

Security governance draws on the principles of good governance and state law enforcement with a vital feature of good law enforcement, as a major role of the police institution. This study examined security governance practices and their influence on law enforcement by Kenya National Police “in Nairobi City County. The” following objectives guided the study; the impact of organizational framework, legal framework, budgetary distribution, process implementation, and public engagement on law enforcement by the National Police in Kenya. The conclusions and recommendations of the research aimed at strengthening security governance to allow the National Police Service to value and preserve human integrity and to preserve and safeguard the civil rights of all individuals as the country was moving towards the fulfillment of Kenya's Vision 2030.” The institutional theory of Police and legitimacy theory were examined to anchor the study. The study adopted a cross-sectional design in nature owing to its in-depth examination of the role of government in law enforcement in Kenya.” As Per the Kenya National Police Data used in the study, 548 senior police officers were used as subjects for the report. This study surveyed 226 senior police officers in Kenya, who were allocated proportionally to the eight administrative regions and formations. Data was collected using questionnaires and supplemented by interviews. The data was coded, interpreted, evaluated, and synthesized, and the study found that organizational framework, legal framework, budgetary distribution, process implementation, and public engagement all had a positive influence on law enforcement in Kenya. Together, these variables contributed to law enforcement by the Kenya National Police Service. “The study recommended that the Kenya National Police Service adopt favorable leadership practices, establish clear promotion policies, and promote effective communication to enhance the effectiveness and better administration of the service. The study also recommended that the internal and external regulatory structures of the Kenya National Police Service work together to ensure accountability to citizens, that operational planning and “management should be independent, and that the service should prioritize citizen participation to achieve a safer and more secure country while respecting human life.

EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ARID AND SEMI ARID LANDS (ASAL) POLICY ON DROUGHT RESILIENCE IN WAJIR COUNTY, KENYA

2024-01-28T08:57:54-06:00

The study sought to investigate the effectiveness of the implementation of the ASAL policy on drought resilience in Wajir County. The study adopted a descriptive research design. It sampled 398 respondents drawn from a population of 127932 households in Wajir County. In addition, 20 key informants within the Wajir population were also purposively sampled. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated using SPSS Ver.28. The researcher's exclusive focus was on academics; as such, they must act with the utmost professionalism and be mindful of the ethical concerns stated above. The insights of the Wajir people on the impact of drought management reflected the progress made in Drought Response Plans (DRP) and the effect on their livelihood. Hence, by carrying out this study, it was possible to determine the policy capacity of county Governments to successfully implement their various DRPs meant to cultivate drought resilience practices among communities in the county. The study established a coefficient of determination (R squared) of 0.626, implying that the combination of financial allocation, stakeholder engagement, and mitigation measures implementation accounted for 62.6% of the variation in drought resilience in Wajir County, Kenya. The adjusted R-squared of 0.614 further indicated that, in the exclusion of the constant variable, financial allocation, stakeholder engagement and mitigation measures implementation jointly explained 61.4% of the variation in drought resilience. The study also found a significant and positive relationship between financial allocation and drought resilience (β = 0.221, p = 0.005 < 0.05), the results showed that there existed a positive but statistically insignificant relationship between stakeholder engagement and drought resilience (β = 0.103, p = 0.244 > 0.05). Finally, the study found a significant and strong positive relationship between mitigation measures implementation and drought resilience (β = 0.483, p = 0.000 < 0.05). On the basis of the findings, the study concluded that the perceived inadequacy of funds directly affects the county's ability to enact critical drought resilience activities such as the development of water infrastructure, livestock programs, and community-based initiatives. The study also concluded that stakeholder engagement does exist in Wajir County, but is significantly skewed towards governmental bodies. The study thus recommended that the county government of Wajir should seek additional funding avenues, which should include grants, public-private partnerships, or aid from international organizations.

EFFECT OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT ON THE UTILITY OF THE BLUE ECONOMY OF THE INDIAN OCEAN

2024-02-02T20:10:35-06:00

The Indian Ocean has huge economic value and potential in terms of exploration of offshore gas and oil, short and deep-sea shipping, marine aquatic products, aquaculture and fisheries, blue biotechnology and ocean renewable energy. There is considerable amount of literature on the place and relevance of community involvement in the management of the blue economy. Provision of opportunities to the local people is essential in curbing rebellion of blue economy projects. Thus, involvement of coastal communities is at the heart of maritime security. The findings of the study revealed that Indian Ocean had huge blue economy potential in terms of provision of livelihoods to the coastal people in addition to the investment opportunities to several onshore and offshore businesses, such tourism, transport, mineral exploration, among others.

EFFECT OF PROJECT IDENTIFICATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN KENYA

2024-02-06T18:28:07-06:00

This study established the effects of project identification mechanism on performance of road infrastructure development projects in Kenya. The study was anchored on the Theory of Constraints. The study applied a mixed method approach to collect data from the target population of 199 spread out among 15 road infrastructure development projects in the country. The study utilized both primary and secondary data sources and adopted a combination of descriptive survey research design and explanatory design. For primary data collection, both closed and open-ended questionnaire were used. The questionnaire’s reliability was tested through the use of the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient. The study also made use of a structured interview process to get more insights on the research questions. The study mainly made use of descriptive statistics to summarize data and inferential statistics and specifically the Multi linear regression were used to test hypothesis. The analysis made use of statistical packages to analyse data and these were presented in the form of tables and figures. The study found that project identification had a positive and significant influence on the performance of road projects in Kenya. The study concluded that project identification ensures that a project submitted for project approval is adequately designed and analysed within the project context. The study recommended that it was important to identify the problem to be dealt with concerning the project, the stakeholder to be involved, outline the project goals that are to be achieved and all the relevant project tasks crucial in achieving the results of the project.

EFFECT OF PROJECT FINANCING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN KENYA

2024-02-06T18:29:28-06:00

Road construction is an important aspect that drives the economy of the country and increases the productivity of the people since it acts as a linkage to various factors of production. However, successful implementation and ultimately performance of these projects requires immense resources that may not be readily available. To overcome the financial and expertise challenges, Governments across the world enter into strategic partnerships with the private sector to help put up such infrastructure. Unlike governments, private sector is out to maximize profits hence the need to charge some fees to enable them recoup their investment. This study therefore set to determine the impact of project financing on the performance of road infrastructure development projects in Kenya. The study was anchored on resource based view theory. The study applied a mixed method approach to collect data from the target population of 199 spread out among 15 road infrastructure development projects in the country. The study utilized both primary and secondary data sources and adopted a combination of descriptive survey research design and explanatory design. For primary data collection, both closed and open-ended questionnaire were used. The questionnaire’s reliability was tested through the use of the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient. The study also made use of a structured interview process to get more insights on the research questions. The study mainly made use of descriptive statistics to summarize data and inferential statistics and specifically the Multi linear regression were used to test hypothesis. The analysis made use of statistical packages to analyse data and these were presented in the form of tables and figures. The study found that project financing had a positive and significant influence on the performance of road projects in Kenya. The study concluded that project financing increases the amount of financing available and lower the overall risk to acceptable levels for major project stakeholders. The study recommended that it is important to identify the problem to be dealt with concerning the project, the stakeholder to be involved, outline the project goals that are to be achieved and all the relevant project tasks crucial in achieving the results of the project. The study recommended that the organization should identify the right sources of project finance.

CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT

2024-02-09T22:46:12-06:00

This theoretical analysis explores the concept of criminal punishment and its role in crime prevention and control. The study delved into various theoretical perspectives on punishment, examining its effectiveness in deterring crime, achieving justice, and rehabilitating offenders. By reviewing key literature and examining prominent theories, this analysis provided a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between criminal punishment and crime prevention. This theoretical analysis examined crime prevention and control strategies from a Rwanda perspective. Drawing upon various theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, this study explored the effectiveness of crime prevention programs and strategies implemented in Rwanda and their impact on reducing crime rates and promoting public safety. The analysis considered key factors such as community policing, social interventions, and criminal justice policies in Rwanda's unique socio-cultural and historical context. The findings shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of existing crime prevention approaches, offering insights for policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and community stakeholders in Rwanda and beyond. Drawing on academic literature, official reports, and policy documents, the analysis investigated various crime prevention and control approaches, including situational crime prevention, social control theories, and community-based interventions. Furthermore, it examined the role of governmental institutions, community organizations, and international collaborations in implementing effective crime prevention strategies in Rwanda. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the theoretical foundations underlying crime prevention and control efforts, highlighting their relevance and impact on reducing crime rates and enhancing societal well-being in Rwanda.

EVOLUTION OF TERROR ATTACKS AND RESPONSE BY KENYA SECURITY FORCES FROM 1998 TO 2020

2024-03-17T06:21:24-05:00

Over the last two decades, the manner in which terrorists have carried attacks in Kenya and beyond has evidently evolved. However, response by our security forces seems to have not evolved to match the ever-changing modus operandi of the terrorists. The attacks have evolved from simple bomb attacks, use of heavy mass bombs, missiles, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), Marauding Terrorist Firearms Attacks (MTFAs), and many other forms. The main objective of the study was to examine evolution of terrorism attacks and response by the Kenyan Security Forces. The specific objectives were to investigate changes in the nature of terror attacks in Kenya from 1998 to the present, to evaluate the responses by Kenya security forces from 1998 to the present and to establish alternative methods of response during terror attacks. The study employs a descriptive, quantitative and qualitative research design. The goal was to collect data from various sources in order to gain a deeper understanding of their opinions, perspectives and attitudes in regard to the terror attacks in Kenya and how they have been responded to. The study’s target population was the Kenyan security agents. Structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to acquire qualitative data, while questionnaires were used to obtain numerical data. The study found that there were indeed tremendous changes in the nature of terror attacks since 1998. These changes ranged from the weapons used to the effectiveness of measures put in place after terror attacks. The study also found that various actions had been taken by the Kenya security forces in response to terror attacks since the 1998 US embassy bombing. These included enhanced communication and coordination during terror attacks, efficiency in responding to attacks, intelligence gathering and various counter terrorism strategies. The study further found alternative methods of response including the Introduction of anti-terror unit on standby in high-risk areas, improving multi-agency communication and coordination and the incorporation of technology in terror attacks. The study thus concluded that the Kenyan government can work towards a peaceful future by learning from the past and building on the successes and failures of previous efforts. The study recommended that the Kenyan security forces should set up counter-terrorism policies which would help to curb terrorism. Other recommendations from the study included; enhancing international cooperation, improving multi-agency communication and coordination, and community engagement.

WATER SCARCITY ROLE ON VIOLENT CONFLICTS AMONGST PASTORALIST COMMUNITIES IN TIATY SUB-COUNTY, BARINGO COUNTY KENYA

2024-04-10T13:40:25-05:00

This study delved into the intricate relationship between water scarcity and conflict dynamics within pastoralist communities, shedding light on the multifaceted factors that influence conflicts arising from resource scarcity. Through a comprehensive analysis of social, economic, and environmental dimensions, alongside conflict intensity and stakeholder involvement, the study seeks to offer a nuanced understanding of conflict drivers and inform effective mitigation strategies. The study’s theoretical framework was guided by the resource curse theory as well as the environmental scarcity theory. A descriptive research design was used and the target population for the study was 73,424 residents of Tiaty Sub County and through the use of multistage sampling, 156 respondents were chosen to participate in the study. Structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data. The collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Descriptive statistics were analysed and presented in percentages and frequencies while inferential statistics was analysed through the use of the Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings were presented in the form of tables. The researcher ensured careful ethical considerations. The correlation analysis to determine the effect of Social Factors on violent conflicts shows a significant correlation existed (r = 0.785, p < 0.05). Pearson’s correlations coefficient was higher than 0.5 suggestion a strong relationship existed between the two variables. The study had also sought to determine the effect of economic factors and violent conflicts, the analysis yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.746, p < 0.05; indicating that a strong relationship existed between the two variables. The study also sought to determine the effects of environmental factors on violent conflicts. The analysis yielded Pearson correlations coefficient is (r = 0.781, p< 0.05) to indicate a strong relationship between the two variables. Social Factors proved to have the highest positive correlation with Violent Conflicts It is evident that all the independent variables could explain the levels of Violent Conflicts in the region. Conflict and human security generating factors are closely intertwined. The prevalent conflicts and the declining environmental security in pastoral areas is a result of a combination of factors that include competition over scarce, vital natural resources. The situation is worsened by harsh climatic condition and ineffective management and utilization mechanisms.

EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT SERVICES ON DEPRESSION REDUCTION OF PEOPLE WITH ALBINISM IN RWANDA

2024-04-10T13:41:49-05:00

Individuals living with albinism face unique challenges, including living situation, socioeconomic status, and the effectiveness of the health education on their mental well-being. Understanding the interplay of these factors and their impact on depression is crucial for developing targeted intervention and support systems for this vulnerable population. This study explored the complex relationship between these variables to improve the mental health outcomes of individuals with albinism in Rwanda. This study was guided by three specific objectives: To determine the prevalence of depression among people living with albinism in Rwanda. To determine factors associated with depression among people living with albinism in Rwanda and to investigate the effectiveness of health educational sessions in increasing knowledge about depression among people living with albinism in Rwanda. The mixed methods study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design to assess the prevalence and factors associated with depression among people living with albinism in Rwanda from September 2023, utilizing a survey questionnaire that included independent variables such as gender, age, religion, place of residence, socio-economic category, parental situation (living with parents or orphans), and health risk factors, including suicidal ideation. In addition, qualitative data were collected through individual interviews to evaluate the effectiveness of health education interventions targeting depression within the study population. Logistic regression models were employed for the quantitative analyses to identify factors associated with depression. In the study involving 75 study population, all individuals were considered as respondents using census sampling technique and these were the people living with albinism beneficiaries of the Health Alerts Organization, a Rwandan non-profit organization. Most were young, female, and faced various life challenges. A significant majority experienced depression (69.33%), with occupation, literacy, socio-economic category, and facing challenges showing associations in bivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that being in socio-economic category III was protective against depression (OR 0.11) while facing challenges substantially increased the odds (OR 48.15). Our study revealed a high prevalence of depression among individuals, particularly those dealing with life challenges. Occupation, literacy, socio-economic status, and challenges were linked to depression in our analysis. Socio-economic category III seemed protective, while challenges significantly increased risk. These findings emphasize the necessity for tailored interventions and support for mental health disparities, especially among vulnerable populations facing adversity. This study holds a significant importance for associations supporting individuals with albinism, providing insights into their mental health issues and specific support needs. Counsellors benefit from a clearer understanding of the psychological challenges faced by this group. Findings can aid the Ministry of Health in planning and potential legislation to address mental health concerns among individuals with albinism, while Ministry of Local Government can use them to develop a national social protection policy and enhance public awareness about the challenges faced by individuals with albinism.

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND SUSTAINABILITY OF GOVERNMENT FUNDED PROJECTS IN KENYA

2024-04-19T21:14:25-05:00

The research observed public participation on sustainability of the government funded projects. Descriptive research design was employed to establish the influence of public engagements on sustainability of the projects in Alego-Usonga sub- County. Targeted in the study were 103 respondents who included the Sub- County administrators, ward administrators, project managers, private contractors and project committee members who were targeted to provide information on behalf of the public. Also targeted were village administrators. Because of the small size of the population, the study conducted a census of the population. All the targeted respondents were administered with questionnaires and were given fourteen days to respond to questionnaires after which those responses were collected. The data was coded and analyzed through mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics were analyzed through correlation and regression analysis. Tables, pie charts and bar graphs were then employed to present the collected data. The outcomes of the study displayed that most of the Alego-Usonga sub-county citizens’ that took part in the study were male, aged 33-49 years, married and had worked for the county Government for more than six years. The findings of the study depicted a weak positive relationship between public participation structures and sustainability of Government funded projects (N=99, r=0.305, p=0.002). The regression model revealed that public participation structures was positively associated but non-significant with sustainability of Government funded projects (β=0.205, t=1.793, p=0.076). The results also displayed a weak negative relationship between public participation processes and sustainability of Government funded projects (N=99, r= -0.314, p=0.002).The regression model also shows that public participation processes was negatively and significantly associated with sustainability of Government funded projects (β=-0.244, t=-2.285, p=0.025).Finally, outcomes also identified a moderate positive relationship between public-private partnerships and sustainability of Government funded projects (N=99, r=0.412, p=0.000). The regression model also revealed that public-private partnerships was positively and significantly associated with sustainability of Government funded projects (β=0.320, t=2.820, p=0.006). Ethical considerations were taken into account and participants informed that the outcomes of the research were purely for academic purpose. The results of the study have an effect on county technocrats’, leaders’ and policy makers on the urge to expand and adopt appropriate components of public participation with the sole purpose of enhancing sustainability of Government funded-projects in the counties.

CHALLENGES OF INTEGRATING SURVEILLANCE TECHNOLOGIES AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT BY PRIVATE SECURITY PROVIDERS IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA

2024-04-21T07:30:01-05:00

The study determined challenges of integrating surveillance technologies and security management by private security providers in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study utilized the Integrated System Theory of managing security information. The study adopted a descriptive research design which employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches in collecting and analyzing data which was then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The study targeted private security providers in Nakuru County as unit of analysis. It also employed purposive, stratified, and simple random sampling techniques to select 30 respondents from ten (10) private security providers from the three sub counties distributed among the five sectors of the economy. Interviews and FGDs as well questionnaire were used in the collecting data. Findings indicated that inadequate networks and infrastructure presented additional difficulties for private security companies. Additionally, private security companies faced challenges such improper outcome analysis, corruption, and police intervention during investigations, which made it difficult to find the offenders and resulted in criminals operating freely on the streets. Similarly, security providers encounter technical difficulties such as complex security system installations carried out by unqualified individuals who lack the necessary knowledge and skills; frequent equipment breakdowns, blackouts, malfunctioning equipment, and shortage of qualified technicians. The study concluded that private security companies should use surveillance technologies to suit changing customer demands and keep up with changing crime trends; customers are satisfied with the functionalities of the surveillance technologies and that integrating surveillance technologies is not free of challenges. The study recommended that the police and private security personnel work together to respond to criminal activities and improve the use of surveillance technologies in incident response coordination.

INTEGRATED FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM AND PERFORMANCE OF GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES IN KENYA

2024-04-22T22:51:41-05:00

The adoption of an integrated financial management information system (IFMIS) has been promoted as Kenya’s best course of action for explaining the consequences of government embezzlements that have plagued the government’s operations since independence. Adopting an IFMIS streamline financial processes, improve management and sourcing practices within the government, and provide standard, accurate financial statements in real time. The goal is to reduce instances of unfair government behaviour, such as corruption and fraud, and ethical issues by promoting accountability and transparency. Despite the implementation of the system, instances of improper use of public funds and subpar performance by ministries continue to rise. This study aims to examine if the integrated financial management information system helps to increase the performance of government ministries in Kenya. Particularly it examines the effect of staff competence in IFMIS, resource allocation in IFMIS, internal control in IFMIS and system quality in IFMIS on the performance of government ministries in Kenya. The study was anchored on technological acceptance theory, systems theory and resource-based view theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study targeted 6 selected government ministries. Stratified random sampling was deployed to gather information from operational staff, middle-level managers and top executives notably 384 participants across these groups. Data was collected primarily using questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential analysis was used to analyse data. All ethical considerations were duly followed. The outcome yielded that staff competence in IFMIS significantly and positively affects the performance of government ministries; internal control in IFMIS insignificant yet positively affects the performance of government ministries; while a significant and positive effect of system quality in IFMIS on the performance of government ministries in Kenya was unravelled. The survey concludes that an integrated financial management information system has the potential to enhance the performance of government ministries in Kenya. The study advised that ministries should prioritize training programs to enhance the knowledge, skills, and competencies of their staff members. Training sessions should focus on areas relevant to their roles and responsibilities, such as financial management, technical skills, leadership, and communication. Continuous professional development opportunities would help staff members stay updated with industry best practices and improve their performance.

INFLUENCE OF PRIVACY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE IN ELGEYO MARAKWET COUNTY

2024-05-07T08:00:58-05:00

Technology-based service is now a must for both public and private enterprises in the changing, aggressive economic climate of modern globalized economy. The majority of devolved governments recently implemented e-Government platforms to enhance service delivery. These platforms enable residents, business associates, employees, other organizations and the government to receive information and services more quickly and at a lower cost. Due to the devolution of governmental duties, the County governments now have to deal with a huge debt load from former administrations as well as subpar revenue collection and service delivery methods. The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of privacy on implementation of electronic governance in Elgeyo Marakwet County. The study's direction was guided by Technological Acceptance Model. For the investigation, descriptive research was employed. The target population for the study consisted of 272 participants comprising of; 35 public administrators, 140 ward development committees, 7 public participation officers, 50 county assemblies and executives, 5 communication officers, 15 ICT officers, and 15 public administration officers and the General public as its target audience. Simple random sampling was employed to collect data from a sample size of 162 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect respondents’ information for this study. Qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic method. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation are all included in descriptive statistics. Multiple regression analysis and inferential correlations were used to determine the change in the dependent variable caused by the independent variables. Charts and tables were used to present the analyzed data. The results of the study showed that privacy was positively associated with implementation of electronic governance in Elgeyo Marakwet County (r=0.548; p=0.000). The study concluded that there is security of information while using technology in place used in the implementation of electronic governance in the county, also a policy framework and regulation has been developed by the County Government to support E-Governance. The study recommended that the County government should come up with clear are policy framework and regulation governing the use of innovation technology in the County.

CORPORATE IMAGE AS A RE-BRANDING PRACTICE IN ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND REGULATORY AUTHORITY (PPRA), KENYA

2024-05-09T06:43:11-05:00

In today’s Public Sector, branding and re-branding are crucial, unlike in previous years where it did not matter. Organizations worldwide have to come up with strategies to improve their day-to-day ways of doing things to improve organizational performance. Emerging trends have come up and taken over the old way of doing things and this has positively affected the level of performance in the public service and has brought about the rise in positive change. The public sector has been challenged to come up with efficient service delivery to bring customer satisfaction. It has not been left behind as the world becomes a global village. Restoring customer confidence and being more customer-focused is now emerging as a major priority. The government over a long time has had a distorted image in the way it performed. The study examined corporate image as a re-branding practice in enhancing organizational performance of the Kenyan Public Procurement Authority. A descriptive study research design was used. The target population was 10 top-level managers, 13 middle-level managers, and 73 staff of different cadres at PPRA, Kenya, and 30 external customers. The purposive sampling technique was used where a sample of 4 Directors, 6 Deputy Directors, 20 officers PPRA Kenya employees, and 15 external customers were chosen. Pilot testing was used to check the reliability of the tools that were used. The study found that corporate image has a statistically positive relationship with the performance at PPRA. As the corporate image improves, the performance of the organization improves and vice versa. The study recommends that PPRA should do regular evaluations of the corporate image to enable it to make improvements. Customers also should be involved in rebranding to enable them to own and support the brand.

MOBILE PHONE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION BY THE POLICE AS A COUNTER TERRORISM MEASURE IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

2024-05-12T07:56:49-05:00

The study investigated the utilization of mobile phone technology by the National Police Service (NPS) in Nairobi City County (NCC) to combat the increasing threat of terrorism. With a notable gap in existing research on this topic, the purpose was to explore how mobile phone technology was employed within the NPS's counter-terrorism efforts. The objectives included assessing the extent of mobile technology adoption, identifying influencing factors, and understanding the challenges encountered by the NPS in utilizing this technology. Through a focused examination of the Anti-Terrorism Police Unit (ATPU) and specific mobile technologies utilized, the study sought to answer research questions pertaining to the extent, reasons, and limitations of the NPS's use of mobile phones for counter-terrorism. The study reviewed literature objectively with the aid of theories that included: Actor-Network Theory (ANT), the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). This study used a descriptive survey research design with qualitative and quantitative approaches to investigate the adoption of mobile phone technology by police officers in counterterrorism in NCC, Kenya. The target population of the study was police officers of all cadres from police constable to Gazetted officers based at ATPU. A stratified random sampling method was used to select a sample of 207 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was analysed thematically. The findings of the study revealed that police officers in NCC are aware of the benefits of using mobile phone technology in counterterrorism. However, there are a number of challenges that hinder the adoption of this technology, such as lack of training, lack of funding, and security concerns. The study recommends that the government should provide more training and funding to police officers so that they can effectively use mobile phone technology in counterterrorism. In conclusion, although moderate adoption exists, the full potential remains untapped. Factors influencing adoption were identified, including infrastructure, funding, training, collaboration, and policy support. Challenges like limited resources, technological barriers, and privacy concerns hinder optimal utilization. Recommendations focus on investment in infrastructure, securing adequate funding, and providing comprehensive training, fostering interagency collaboration, and addressing privacy concerns. These findings hold significant implications for stakeholders: Policymakers and law enforcement agencies can enhance counterterrorism efficiency and coordination by investing in technology and fostering collaboration. By addressing the recommendations, the safety and security of NCC and similar regions can be improved.

VIABILITY OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN KENYA

2024-06-04T20:34:49-05:00

The purpose of this study was to establish the viability of public-private partnerships in Kenya: a case of Nairobi express-way cost-benefit analysis. Specifically, the study examines the costs and benefit analysis of the Nairobi Expressway Public private partnership project to the government, costs and benefit analysis of the Nairobi Expressway Public private partnership project to the users and assessing how risk distribution among stakeholders affect the Nairobi expressway Public private partnership project. The theoretical basis for this study is resource dependency theory. Descriptive research methods, including the use of visual aids to clarify the data distribution was used to collect and evaluate event data in this study. This research investigated a target population of 1200 persons. The study used a sample size of 120 people. Semi structured questionnaires were used to collect. The Cronbach's alpha procedures were used to assess the instruments' reliability. The reliability of a research instrument was judged according to whether or not the coefficient is 0.70 or higher. A larger absolute value indicates greater consistency across the spectrum. The researcher's supervisor will do a thorough assessment of the tool. Descriptive statistics was used to analyses quantitative data is made easier with the help of SPSS. Frequency tables, bar graphs, and pie charts were used to illustrate the results. In order to safeguard the rights and confidentiality of the participants, the study will publicly address ethical concerns. The researcher asked for written consent by respondents. The significance, goals, length, voluntary nature, at will withdrawal, privacy and confidentiality protections, and point of contact for queries and concerns will all be explained to the participants. The study findings revealed that cost benefit analysis to government had positive significant effect on changes in viability of public private partnerships in Kenya. The findings also indicated that cost benefit analysis to users have positive effect in changes in viability of public private partnerships in Kenya. Again, the result indicates that Risk distribution among stakeholders had a positive effect on changes in viability of public private partnerships in Kenya.

COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS’ CONTRIBUTION TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC MANAGEMENT IN KISUMU COUNTY KENYA

2024-06-08T20:50:33-05:00

The wave of Covid-19 brought a shock that harmed the worldwide economic system, disrupting the usual way of life. The inadequacy of governments to offer critical services necessitates the call for this gap to be filled by other non-governmental stakeholders like community-based organizations (CBOs). Self-initiated projects such as creating pandemic attention to minimize the scourge of the virus and offering different material help are a means through which CBOs can attain this task. Strategic Nyakach (SN) is the biggest, most active CBO with initiatives that have addressed various demanding situations within Nyakach Sub-County. This research analyzed the contribution of CBOs to promote community standards during the covid-19 pandemic in Kenya. The research used the Collective action theory, and resource Mobilization theory. The analysis sampled Nyakach Sub-County purposely as the place of study. Descriptive research layout and purposive stratified random sampling with varying proportion in line with stratum was applied and, 100 citizens of Nyakach Sub County were randomly selected for the reason of gathering the statistics required. For statistics instruments, the study used questionnaires and interview schedules. A Pilot study was done to test efficacy and dependability of the instruments. 5 non-randomly selected respondent residents of Nyakach Sub-county participated in the pilot study, carried out in 2022. Bar charts, figures and tables were used for visual comparison of frequencies. The qualitative non-coded statistics from the family respondents and KII interviews was thematically analyzed alongside the set objectives to present credence to the voices of the respondents. The researcher ensured that ethical concepts were followed and the respondents were privy to their rights. Study permit was sought from Kenyatta University and NACOSTI. Ministry of health Covid-19 pointers were followed throughout the study. The research findings identified the partnership interventions put in place by Strategic Nyakach CBO and other stakeholders and its impact in managing the pandemic. However, the study found that despite the great efforts and the positive impact it had on the locals, the Financial Aid Department was unable to meet the large support need due to the large financial support needed for the project. This calls for intrinsic partnerships with agencies in various governmental and humanitarian fields to achieve this goal.

ESTABLISHING SERVICE STANDARDS AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN KENYA REVENUE AUTHORITY

2024-06-09T04:09:09-05:00

There has been a growing concern among the public regarding the government's inability to provide reliable services, leading to customer dissatisfaction. Although the measurement of customer satisfaction has been the topic of numerous studies in the commercial sector, more research is required in the public sector. In order to reduce poverty, improve livelihoods, maintain good governance, and enhance service quality for better service delivery, this study examines the effect of establishing service standards on customer satisfaction within the Kenya Revenue Authority and the Customs and Border Control Department. This study adopted a descriptive research design to characterize traits of customers who have received services from the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) Customs Systems. The study targeted clearing agents, importers, exporters, and transporters who interacts frequently with KRA Customs Systems. A disproportionate stratified sampling technique was employed to ensure representative sampling across various subgroups. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire featuring both closed and open-ended questions, facilitating detailed and comprehensive data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic data and assess the impact of business process performance (BPP) on customer satisfaction (CS), while inferential statistics were employed to draw conclusions and test hypotheses regarding the relationships between customer satisfaction and the establishment of service standards. The study concluded that there exists a positive, significant, and strong relationship between setting service standards and customer satisfaction within the organization.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES AND THEIR EFFECT ON STRATEGIC PLAN IMPLEMENTATION AT ISUZU EAST AFRICA

2024-06-09T12:04:12-05:00

This study focused on identifying corporate governance practices and their effect on strategic plan implementation at Isuzu East Africa. Dynamic capability theory, agency theory and stakeholder theory were used to guide the study. The research was conducted at Isuzu East Africa, a private manufacturing company and respondents were employees working in the organization. IEA had a total of 474 employees and the targeted sample size was 30% of the total, equivalent to 143 employees. Descriptive research design that is cross sectional and stratified random sampling was used when collecting responses. A questionnaire was used for data collection and both close and open ended questions were used. The questionnaires were administered to employees online through google forms. A 5-point Linkert scale was used for close ended questions. The research instrument was tested to ensure reliability and validity. Reliability was determined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Responses were kept anonymous to ensure confidentiality of information given by participants of the study. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS and relationship between the various variables determined using correlation and regression analysis. The study found that there was statistically significant relationship between change management, resource management and risk control and strategic plan implementation. The research concluded that resource management had the greatest impact on strategic plan implementation. The study recommended that organizations adopt practices that positively affect implementation of their strategic objectives. Organizations need to maintain a score card of their change management, resource management and risk control strategies to ensure they are aligned to achieve effective implementation. Additional research should be conducted in organizations in different sectors to determine the corporate governance practices most critical for their strategic plan implementation and other variables such as communication and organization structure studied.

INITIATIVES AIMED AT INCREASING THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE TECH INDUSTRY IN RWANDA AND THEIR IMPACT ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2024-06-17T03:57:37-05:00

This research paper explores the initiatives undertaken in Rwanda to increase women's participation in the tech industry thirty years after the Tutsi genocide. The paper examines the impact of these initiatives on social and economic development in Rwanda, highlighting the progress made and the challenges that remain. Rwandan women have achieved significant milestones across various sectors, including politics, entrepreneurship, education, peacebuilding, and professions traditionally dominated by men. With over 60% representation in parliament, Rwandan women play a pivotal role in shaping the country's legislative agenda, while women-led startups and enterprises contribute to innovation and economic growth. Gender parity in education has empowered women with skills and opportunities, with girls outnumbering boys in secondary and tertiary education and excelling in Science, Technology, Engineering and Technology (STEM) subjects. Women's leadership in peacebuilding and reconciliation efforts has been instrumental in healing Rwanda's wounds from the 1994 genocide against Tutsi, fostering unity and social cohesion. Additionally, women's accomplishments in the military, law enforcement, diplomacy, and the arts showcase Rwanda's commitment to gender equality and diversity, inspiring future generations and contributing to the nation's socio-economic development. In conclusion, Rwanda's women have made remarkable strides across various sectors, contributing significantly to the nation's socio-economic development and global recognition. Their achievements underscore Rwanda's commitment to gender equality, diversity, and inclusive growth, serving as a beacon of inspiration for other nations striving for progress and empowerment. To further advance women's empowerment and gender equality in Rwanda, it is imperative to continue investing in initiatives that promote women's participation in leadership roles, entrepreneurship, and STEM education. Strengthening mentorship programs, providing access to financing, and implementing policies that address cultural barriers will be essential in creating a more inclusive and equitable society.

TECHNOLOGY AND INTELLIGENCE LED POLICING IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

2024-06-23T14:57:00-05:00

This study evaluated the determinants of use of technology in intelligence policing in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Ratcliffe Model were relied on in this study. The research design used was descriptive, with the populace being the DCI department in Nairobi City County comprising of 175 staff from 13 sub departments. The sample was 91 respondents drawn from the target population through stratified sampling. Data was sourced utilizing questionnaires. Additionally, questionnaire was tested to ascertain the validity and reliability. Reliability was done based on the Cronbach’s alpha whose threshold was 0.70 and from the results all variables were reliable. Analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Based on the regression output in performance expectancy has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 0.807 while the p value is .003 which indicate significance. Based on the regression output perceived credibility has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 1.025 while the p value is .000 which indicate significance. Based on the regression output, effort expectancy has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 0.318 while the p value is .043 which indicates significance. Based on the regression output facilitating conditions has a positive and significant effect on intelligence policing and crime investigations in Nairobi City County. The regression coefficient is 0.616 while the p value is .020 which indicates significance. The research concluded that technology has a significant effect on intelligence led policing in Kenya specifically in crime investigations. Specifically the study concludes that performance expectancy, perceived credibility, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions of technology have significant and positive effect on the intelligence led policing and crime investigation process. Based on the findings, the study recommended that there should be adequate security features in the technology used in intelligence policing and crime investigations. Secondly the study recommends that DCIO should invest more in the upgrading of its investigative systems and technologies to simplify investigation processes. The study also recommended the improvement of computer crime mapping systems to help in intelligence policing. Finally the study recommended that the investigative agencies should recruit more confidential informants as they are very vital in intelligence policing.

AN ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL1RESPONSIBILITY AND SERVICE DELIVERY IN KENYA RAILWAYS

2024-07-21T00:05:46-05:00

Public trust in businesses has been shattered by the collapse of once-highflying enterprises, which affected tens of thousands of workers and investors and generated numerous concerns about corporate practices and trustworthiness. This study₁therefore investigated the efficacy of corporate affairs function on service delivery of organizations: A case of₁Kenya Railways. The study objective₁was to examine the influence of corporate₁social responsibility₁on the service delivery by Kenya Railways, The study₁was based on stakeholder₁theory and relational and agency theories. A₁descriptive research design₁was₁adopted. The₁population targeted in this study was 324 respondents including staff at the corporate affairs division of Kenya Railways Corporation and premium clients. The sample₁size was 286 respondents. Stratified and₁simple random sampling₁was used. A questionnaire was the main instrument. A pilot₁study was conducted₁to assess the validity and reliability of the research instruments. Both qualitative and quantitative data were₁collected for₁this study, and both approaches to data₁analysis were employed. The quantitative₁data was analyzed₁using descriptive₁statistics, such as₁frequencies, percentages, means, and₁standard deviations, utilizing SPSS (Version 27.0). Inferential statistics were also performed through regression modeling. The findings from the quantitative analysis were₁presented primarily in tables. On₁the other hand, the₁qualitative data was evaluated using content analysis, aiming to identify recurring themes that align with the study’s objectives. These themes provided₁a deeper₁understanding of the qualitative data collected. The study₁findings indicated that₁there was a statistically₁significant positive correlation₁between corporate social responsibility on service delivery of KRC (r=₁0.411; p₁<0.05) The study₁concluded incorporating CSR principles into service delivery processes can also help mitigate certain risks associated with social or environmental issues and effectively handling crises can mitigate the negative impacts on both the organization’s reputation and its financial performance. The study recommended that KRC prioritize a holistic approach to organizational management that integrates corporate social₁responsibility (CSR) management₁into its service delivery processes.

ENHANCING EDUCATIONAL SUCCESS: INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF TEACHER CAPACITY BUILDING ON LEARNER OUTCOMES IN MAKUENI COUNTY

2024-08-10T11:21:17-05:00

In a competitive world with varying degrees of complexity in social, economic and cultural needs of our society, the need to deliver a competitive, effective and relevant education system remains a pressing obligation for both policymakers and bureaucrats. Existing research on the effects of implementation of the National Curriculum Policy of 2018 on learning outcomes remain inconclusive. In view of this, the study was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of teacher capacity building on learners’ outcome in Makueni County. The study was anchored on Street-Level Bureaucracy framework. Descriptive survey research design was preferred for this study. Interpretivist philosophical paradigm informed the study. A total of 903 Grade 6 teachers from public primary schools in Makueni, 903 class 6 PTA representatives, 903 chairpersons of public primary schools’ Boards of Management, 41 Curriculum Support Officers, and 9 sub-county directors of education were targeted. A total of 349 respondents were sampled representing the subgroups in the target group. Primary data was gathered from the field by use of a semi structured questionnaire and an interview guide. Quantitative data underwent descriptive, regression, and inferential analyses, whereas qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. The study revealed that teacher capacity building significantly influences learners' outcomes in Makueni County, with 40.9% of the variation in outcomes attributable to this factor. The findings also highlighted widespread dissatisfaction among teachers with current capacity-building initiatives, including skill development, seminars, mentorship, and in-service training, pointing to areas for urgent improvement. Furthermore, the study found a positive and statistically significant relationship between teacher capacity building efforts and learner outcomes (β=0.628, p<0.001). The study therefore recommends that management should revamp professional development programs which should include focus on practical, hands-on training, mentorship programs, and exposure to innovative teaching methodologies.

LEVERAGING NYUMBA KUMI COORDINATION STRUCTURES FOR ENHANCED SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN NYANDARUA COUNTY, KENYA

2024-08-17T08:36:26-05:00

The study evaluated the effect of Nyumba Kumi coordination structures on security management in Nyandarua County, Kenya. It was guided by normative sponsorship theory. The study was conducted under the descriptive survey design in Nyandarua North sub-county of Nyandarua County utilizing a hybrid technique including both quantitative and qualitative investigation techniques. The intended audience for this research included Nyumba Kumi seniors, law enforcement personnel in charge of posts in Nyandarua North Sub County, and State Government Administration Executives. Participants were chosen by stratification randomized selection. Therefore, the target population comprised 699 Nyumba Kumi elders in 23 sub-locations in Nyandarua North Sub County, three officers commanding police stations, 3 Assistant County Commissioners, and 8 Chiefs of National Government Administrative Officers. Thematic evaluation was used to evaluate qualitative data, and the findings were conveyed narratively. Empirical and interpretive analytics were used to assess quantitative data. The outcomes are then shown in tables and graphics like bar charts and pie diagrams. The study highlighted that 94% of participants were aware of community policing structures like Nyumba Kumi, indicating their significance and acceptance. It also emphasized the importance of coordination structures in security management. Key informant interviews highlighted the pivotal role of Chiefs and the benefits of collaborative decision-making. Community-driven hiring practices were commended, but challenges included resource limitations, trust issues, and insufficient youth engagement. Based on these findings, several recommendations are made: intensify sensitization programs for full community engagement, enhance the recruitment and training of community policing volunteers and encourage transparent and collaborative decision-making. These recommendations aim to enhance security management and community-police interactions in Nyandarua North sub-county.

OCEAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

2024-08-17T08:37:56-05:00

The burgeoning blue economy, driven by extensive ocean infrastructure development, promises substantial economic benefits for coastal regions. However, this rapid economic transformation can have profound psychological implications for local populations. This narrative review explored the delicate balance between fostering economic development and maintaining psychological resilience in coastal communities. The article looked into the economic impacts of key sectors such as marine tourism, fisheries, aquaculture, renewable energy, and port infrastructure, highlighting their contributions to regional growth and employment. Concurrently, the article examined the psychological challenges faced by coastal populations, including stress and anxiety linked to environmental changes and economic volatility. Sustainable development strategies were evaluated, emphasizing the integration of mental health support into economic planning and the importance of community engagement. Policy recommendations were presented, advocating for a holistic approach that includes government action, corporate responsibility, and international cooperation. Case studies illustrated successful models and persistent challenges in achieving this balance. The review concluded with future directions for research, stressing the need for innovative approaches and interdisciplinary studies to ensure the blue economy thrives without compromising the well-being of coastal communities.

IMPACT OF INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES ON LIVELIHOODS OF HOST COMMUNITY IN KALOBEYEI INTEGRATED SETTLEMENT IN TURKANA WEST SUB - COUNTY

2024-09-07T12:53:52-05:00

The purpose of this study is to assess how income-generating activities affect the host community's quality of life in the Kalobeyei integrated settlement in Turkana West Sub-County. The following goals served as the study's guidelines; to evaluate the effect of participation, access to resources and investment on the livelihoods of host community in Kalobeyei integrated settlement in Turkana West Sub – County. The leading theories for the study were the Chambers Participatory Development Model and Resource Dependency Theory (RDT). Descriptive survey research design was used for this investigation. The 1000 residents who are involved in IGAs inside the host community in Turkana West Sub-County was the study's target population. Stratified random sampling technique was employed. The 120 county government officials, 20 NGOs coordinators and 20 members of women groups who are involved in IGAs inside the host community in Turkana West Sub-County was the study's target population. Content validity and Cronbach reliability test was adopted. Quantitative methodologies were used in the data analysis. Quantitative data was evaluated using the SPSS software, version 26, and descriptive statistics. Multiple regression analysis and variance analysis was used to examine the dependent and independent variables of the study. The findings show that respondents generally perceive little involvement of leaders in improving livelihoods. Majority of respondents generally agree that there is monitoring and evaluation and government support in improving livelihoods. The study concluded that there is some recognition of community ownership and awareness, but it is not very strong. Monitoring and evaluation and availability of funding contribute to improving livelihoods. There is a strong agreement that government support and community support are important and somewhat effective in improving livelihoods. The study recommended that there is need to increase efforts to involve leaders in livelihood improvement projects. There is need to maintain and strengthen government and community support systems.